Testosterone – meaning, action, deficiency, excess28 lutego 2023 |
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Testosterone is one of the most important sex hormones. It is primarily produced in the testes in males and to a lesser extent in the ovaries in females, as well as in the adrenal glands in both sexes. Testosterone has diverse effects and influences many aspects of the body's functioning.
Interestingly, the synthesis of testosterone begins with cholesterol, which is converted into pregnenolone, and then into a compound called dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which serves as a precursor for both testosterone and other sex hormones such as estrogens. This process mainly occurs in the testes in males and the ovaries in females. It is regulated by the influence of the luteinizing hormone (LH) and sometimes underestimated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone, which is primarily produced in the testicles. It is responsible for the development of male sexual characteristics such as a deep voice, muscle growth, sperm production, and the development and maintenance of the male reproductive system.
Testosterone deficiency can lead to a number of health problems. These can include, among others, low energy, decreased muscle mass, concentration problems, low libido, erectile difficulties, decreased bone density, increased body fat, and depressive moods.
Excess testosterone can also lead to health problems. In men, this can result in the development of androgenetic alopecia, acne, sleep deterioration, aggressive behaviors, mood disorders, as well as heart and circulatory system issues. In women, high testosterone levels can lead to hirsutism (excessive hairiness), acne, irregular menstrual cycles, and voice changes.
Testosterone secretion can be increased through a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a healthy diet rich in protein, fats, and carbohydrates, and maintaining a healthy body weight. Moreover, it's important to avoid stress and ensure sufficient sleep. In some cases, a doctor may recommend hormone therapy.
Testosterone secretion can be decreased through the use of medications such as anti-androgens, which block the action of testosterone. However, this is an action that should only be taken under the strict supervision of a doctor, due to potential side effects. In the case of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, anti-androgen drugs can be used to reduce testosterone levels.
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