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Lumbar rib – what should you know about it?

5 kwietnia 2025
The lumbar rib, referred to as the thirteenth rib, is an uncommon anatomical anomaly involving the presence of an additional rib near the first lumbar vertebra. While the presence of a lumbar rib usually does not cause serious complications, it can have a significant impact on health and quality of life in some patients—especially when it leads to pain or postural disorders, which are not uncommon.

The thirteenth rib is often discovered incidentally, most commonly during routine imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI scans focused on the spine. People diagnosed with a thirteenth rib are often surprised by the finding, as the lumbar rib is not widely known. However, being aware of its existence is crucial when diagnosing chronic back pain and other spinal dysfunctions.

It is worth noting that the occurrence of a thirteenth rib is not that rare, with estimates suggesting it affects up to 8% of the global population. Understanding this additional rib helps doctors correctly interpret imaging results and, as a result, offer more effective treatment tailored to individual needs.

Where does the lumbar rib come from?

A lumbar rib develops due to the abnormal differentiation of vertebrae during the prenatal period. It is a type of congenital developmental anomaly, associated with the incomplete separation of individual bony structures of the spine during fetal development. Studies suggest that genetic and environmental factors—such as nutritional deficiencies or exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy—may play a significant role.

It is observed more frequently in women than in men, although the exact reason for this difference remains unclear. The presence of a lumbar rib may also be associated with other congenital spinal anomalies, such as spondylolysis or various forms of transitional vertebrae. This should prompt a more detailed diagnostic process to thoroughly assess the entire spine.

In clinical practice, the thirteenth rib is usually diagnosed through radiological imaging. It is often visible on a standard X-ray, which is typically the first step. However, it is primarily MRI or CT scans that allow for a more detailed evaluation of the anomaly.

What are the symptoms of a lumbar rib?

In most people, the thirteenth rib does not cause any symptoms or discomfort. However, the presence of this lumbar rib—an extra bony structure—can sometimes affect posture. It may alter the biomechanics of the spine, disrupting its normal function. As a result, it can lead to back pain, particularly in the lumbar area. Some may also experience radiating pain to the hips or legs and reduced range of motion. These symptoms often worsen during prolonged sitting or standing, or while performing specific movements.

A lumbar rib can also cause pressure on nerves or paraspinal muscles, leading to chronic muscle tension. People with this anomaly often report sleep disturbances due to discomfort. In such cases, the Osaka Air mattress by the Polish brand ONSEN® can help. Thanks to its ergonomic design based on the design thinking philosophy and the highly effective jobs to be done approach, it offers ideal body support.

Ignoring symptoms of a lumbar rib over time can lead to further complications such as chronic back pain, asymmetric muscle tension, or even scoliosis. That’s why it’s important for people diagnosed with a thirteenth rib to regularly consult a doctor or physiotherapist to receive proper treatment.

How to treat a thirteenth rib?

As a rule, treatment of the thirteenth rib is usually conservative. It focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Patients with a lumbar rib are typically recommended to perform deep spinal muscle-strengthening exercises, along with manual therapy and relaxing massages. Physiotherapy is mainly used to reduce muscle tension, which helps improve posture.

In rare cases, when the lumbar rib causes severe pain or significantly compresses nerve structures, surgical removal may be considered. However, this procedure is performed relatively infrequently and is usually seen as a last resort.

Prevention of lumbar rib-related issues focuses on ergonomics at work and during sleep. One key element is choosing the right mattress, which provides proper support. The Polish brand ONSEN® is committed to long-term solutions that improve quality of life. By using the Osaka Air mattress, patients can reduce their risk of developing pain symptoms, which leads to better sleep comfort.

It’s important to remember that mindful care for spinal health—including appropriate prevention—can effectively reduce side effects related to the presence of a lumbar rib. At the same time, it enhances well-being and significantly improves quality of life.

We also encourage you to explore other articles on the best sleep and health blog, as well as the Encyclopedia of Healthy Sleep prepared by the ONSEN® team of specialists. For those who care about spine health, we recommend a set of spine exercises prepared by our physiotherapist.

FAQ: Lumbar rib

Can a rib hurt because of the spine?

Yes, the presence of an additional lumbar rib can affect the biomechanics of the spine, which can certainly lead to back pain, especially in the lumbar area. The discomfort may radiate to the hips or legs and worsen during prolonged sitting or standing. The extra, or thirteenth, rib can also press on nerves or paraspinal muscles, leading to muscle tension.

Can a person have 13 pairs of ribs?

Typically, a human has twelve pairs of ribs. However, some individuals may have an additional, thirteenth rib known as a lumbar rib. This is an anatomical anomaly present in up to 8% of the population.

Where does the thirteenth rib come from?

The thirteenth rib develops due to improper differentiation of vertebrae during the prenatal period. It?s a congenital developmental anomaly linked to the incomplete separation of skeletal structures in the fetus. Genetic and environmental factors?such as nutritional deficiencies or exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy?may also contribute to its formation.

What is a lumbar rib?

A lumbar rib, also known as the thirteenth rib, is an additional rib located near the first lumbar vertebra. It's an unusual anomaly that may affect health and quality of life, especially when it causes pain or posture-related issues.

How many ribs does a person have?

Most people have 12 pairs of ribs, totaling 24 ribs. However, in some cases, extra ribs like lumbar ribs may be present, increasing the total count. People with lumbar ribs have 13 pairs?26 ribs in total.

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